Beyond the Book: Confronting Human Nature through Lord of the Flies

On 28th June 2025, as part of Dr. Subhash University’s “Beyond the Book: Let’s Talk” series, I had the opportunity to present my reflections on William Golding’s Lord of the Flies—a novel that challenges readers to question the fragility of civilization and the primal instincts that lie beneath our social veneers. 

Set on a deserted island, the novel follows a group of British schoolboys whose attempt at self-governance spirals into chaos. Through characters like Ralph, Piggy, Jack, and Simon—and symbols like the conch shell and the fearsome “Lord of the Flies”—Golding constructs a haunting meditation on power, fear, and moral collapse.

What makes Lord of the Flies timeless is its ability to provoke uncomfortable questions:

• Is civilization just a thin shell?

• Are we inherently good, or do circumstances awaken a dormant savagery?

• What happens when empathy gives way to groupthink?

From a humanities perspective, the novel is more than fiction—it’s a mirror reflecting our collective consciousness. In classrooms, workplaces, and digital spaces, the dynamics Golding explores feel eerily familiar even today.

As we continue this book talk series, my hope is that we move beyond passive reading to active questioning, conversation, and connection. Because sometimes, fiction doesn’t just help us understand the world—it helps us confront the truths within ourselves. 

Click here to have a glance at the major themes of Lord of the Flies. 

Cracking the UGC NET English: My Journey and Tips for Aspiring Professors

 

The Journey, not the arrival, matters. 

T S Eliot 

Hello everyone! I'm thrilled to share my journey of finally qualifying for the UGC NET English exam for Assistant Professor. What makes this achievement even more rewarding is that I accomplished it while working as an Assistant Professor of English and simultaneously pursuing my PhD. It took consistent effort, strategic planning, and the ability to juggle multiple responsibilities, and I hope my experience can offer some guidance to fellow aspirants. Here’s a breakdown of what worked for me:

• Deconstructing the Syllabus: The First Crucial Step

The sheer volume of the UGC NET English syllabus can feel overwhelming. My first step was to download and thoroughly understand the syllabus for both Paper 1 and Paper 2. This helped me to create a roadmap for my preparation, fitting it around my existing work and research commitments. Knowing the specific topics for each paper allowed me to allocate my time effectively and avoid studying irrelevant material.

• Mastering Paper 1: A Balanced Approach

Paper 1 often feels like the deciding factor. Here’s how I tackled it:

Maths and Reasoning: Consistent Practice is Key: While these weren't my strongest areas, I made it a point to practice regularly. Even short daily sessions helped build confidence and improve problem-solving speed. Focus on understanding the fundamental concepts and common question types.

Data Interpretation and Reading Comprehension: My Scoring Zones: These were my favourite sections, and I leveraged them to boost my overall score. For Data Interpretation, I focused on understanding different types of charts and graphs and practicing quick calculations. For Reading Comprehension, I practiced reading diverse passages and answering questions accurately within the time limit. 

Research Aptitude: Building on Prior Knowledge (and Current Research!): My ongoing PhD research and a paper I studied during my Master's on Research Methodology provided a significant advantage in this section. I focused on revisiting the basics and delving deeper into specific research methodologies and ethics. Engaging in research as part of my PhD program provided practical insights that complemented the theoretical knowledge. My MOOC on Academic Writing via SWAYAM proved invaluable in clarifying fundamental academic terms related to research.

Higher Education System: Staying Updated (and Observing First-hand!): Working within the higher education system gave me a unique perspective on this section. I made an effort to familiarize myself with the latest developments, particularly the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. I also explored resources like MOOCs, ShodhGanga, ShodhChakra, ShodhGangotri, Swayam, NPTEL, and Swayamprabha to understand their roles and significance in the Indian higher education landscape – many of which I've encountered in my professional life.

Practice with Test Papers: Solving test papers is essential for time management and understanding the exam pattern. The test papers from Upkar Publication provided me with valuable practice and helped me identify my weak areas, allowing me to tailor my limited study time effectively.

• Conquering Paper 2: Deep Subject Knowledge is Paramount (and Constantly Reinforced!)

For Paper 2, my strategy revolved around building a strong conceptual understanding of English Literature and Language. 

Leveraging Online Resources: The videos by Kalyani Vallath ma'am on YouTube were incredibly helpful in clarifying complex literary concepts and theories. Her explanations were concise and easy to understand, fitting into my busy schedule. Vineet Sir's videos were also helpful for me. Sometimes I watch Kapil Sir's videos just to get the basic idea of any text in brief, and that too during my commute was indeed bliss! 

Comprehensive Coverage of Literary History: The Encyclopedia of English Literature edited by Kalyani Vallath (all volumes) became my go-to resource for in-depth knowledge of authors, works, and literary movements. It provided a comprehensive overview necessary for Paper 2, supplementing my existing knowledge base from teaching.

Understanding the Evolution of Language and Literature: The History of English Language and Literature MOOC on SWAYAM (I also found a helpful YouTube playlist) provided a structured approach to understanding the historical development of the English language and its literature. This helped me contextualize literary works and movements, enriching my lectures and research. During my Graduation, I read Edward Albert's History of English Literature. Then I read Oxford History of English Literature by Andrew Sanders. Also explored some e-books for the same. 

Revisiting Graduation Texts: It was crucial to have a strong foundation in the core texts from my graduation syllabus. Reading the original texts allowed me to develop a deeper understanding of the nuances of language, themes, and literary techniques. 

Strategic Preparation for Chronological Questions: Recognizing that chronological questions have become increasingly prevalent in the exam over the last two years, I adopted specific strategies to tackle them. I utilize a book specifically designed for practice with chronological ordering. Furthermore, I meticulously prepared lists of significant literary works, award winners, and key literary figures, organizing them chronologically in my own notebook. This active creation and regular review of chronological lists proved invaluable in answering these types of questions accurately and efficiently.

Targeting Difficult Areas: For some areas in Paper 2 that were either new to me or particularly challenging, I adopted a focused approach. I prioritized analyzing past years' questions from these specific topics to understand the exam's emphasis and the level of detail required. Subsequently, I selectively read relevant chapters from books and watched concise explanation videos on YouTube to build a foundational understanding without getting bogged down in excessive detail. This targeted strategy helped me gain familiarity and score in areas I initially found daunting. 

Collaborative Learning: Being part of a WhatsApp group dedicated to UGC NET preparation proved immensely beneficial. Practicing questions daily with fellow aspirants and discussing concepts helped solidify my understanding and exposed me to different perspectives, providing a valuable supplement to my individual study amidst my professional commitments. This was particularly helpful in the month leading up to the exam.

• Key Takeaways for Success (Even with a Busy Schedule):

Understand the Syllabus Inside and Out: This is the foundation of your preparation, allowing for efficient time management.

Consistent Practice is Non-Negotiable: Even short, focused study sessions are crucial, especially for Paper 1.

Leverage Your Existing Knowledge: If you're already working in the field, connect your professional experience to the syllabus.

Utilize Available Online Resources: Platforms like SWAYAM and YouTube offer flexible learning options that can fit into a busy schedule.

Solve Previous Years' Papers: This is crucial for understanding the exam pattern and difficulty level and optimizing your limited study time.

Engage in Collaborative Learning: Even brief interactions with peers can enhance your understanding.

Stay Updated with Developments in Higher Education: Especially concerning NEP 2020, as it directly impacts your profession. 

I hope my journey provides some inspiration and practical tips for your own preparation. Remember, even with this achievement, there are

'Miles to go before I sleep.' 

Keep learning and keep growing!" 

Shastras

• Introduction: 

Shastras are revered ancient Indian scriptures that encompass a wide spectrum of knowledge, guiding various facets of life, philosophy, and spirituality. These texts, ranging from the legalistic Dharma Shastra to the insightful Artha Shastra, the romantic Kama Shastra, and the medicinal Ayurveda Shastra, have been instrumental in shaping Indian culture and tradition. Renowned as codes of conduct, rules, or treatises, Shastras reflect the profound wisdom of Vedic philosophy, offering timeless guidelines on ethics, statecraft, love, health, and arts. Their enduring influence continues to resonate in modern times, serving as a testament to the depth and richness of ancient Indian scholarship. 

• Types of Shastras 

Vedic Shastras: The Vedic Shastras form the core of ancient Indian wisdom and spiritual guidance. These texts are considered sacred and are believed to be divinely revealed. They encompass: 

 

Vedas: The oldest and most authoritative scriptures of Hinduism, composed of four main texts: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. Each Veda consists of hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings. 

 

The Rig Veda, the oldest of the four Vedas, is a collection of hymns addressed to various deities. It delves into themes of cosmic creation, nature, and the power of the divine. The hymns, known as Suktas, are composed in a poetic style and often invoke imagery from nature and mythology.

The Yajur Veda primarily focuses on the rituals and sacrifices performed by priests. It contains both mantras and prose instructions, guiding practitioners through the intricate steps of Vedic ceremonies. The Yajur Veda is divided into two main branches: the Krishna Yajur Veda, which includes both mantras and prose explanations, and the Shukla Yajur Veda, which focuses primarily on the mantras.

The Sama Veda is a collection of chants and melodies used in conjunction with the rituals described in the Yajur Veda. It emphasizes the musical and rhythmic aspects of worship, with the chants often being drawn from the Rig Veda and set to specific melodies. The Sama Veda is considered the foundation of Indian classical music, and its melodies have been passed down through generations of musicians.

The Atharva Veda is a diverse collection of texts that includes hymns, spells, incantations, and medical knowledge. It explores a wider range of topics than the other Vedas, including magic, healing, and everyday life. The Atharva Veda is often associated with folk traditions and popular beliefs, and it reflects the concerns and aspirations of ordinary people. 

 

Upavedas: These are secondary scriptures that expand on the teachings of the Vedas, covering practical knowledge such as medicine (Ayurveda), music (Gandharvaveda), architecture (Sthapatyaveda), and martial arts (Dhanurveda). 

 

Upanishads: Philosophical treatises that explore the deeper spiritual meanings and concepts found within the Vedas. They discuss the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate principle called Brahman. Some of the well known Upanishads include the Isha Upanishad, Kena Upanishad, Katha Upanishad, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Chandogya Upanishad, and Mundaka Upanishad. 

 

Avaidic Shastras: Avaidic Shastras, also known as Non-Vaidic Shastras, include texts that are not directly derived from the Vedas but hold significant cultural and religious value. These texts often focus on mythology, ethics, and rituals: 

 

Puranas: A vast genre of Indian literature that narrates the history of the universe, genealogies of gods, heroes, and sages, and folklore. Some well-known Puranas are the Vishnu Purana, Shiva Purana, and Bhagavata Purana. 

 

Epics: The grand narratives of ancient India, including the Ramayana and Mahabharata. These epics are not only literary masterpieces but also impart moral and ethical lessons. The Ramayana chronicles the life and adventures of Lord Rama, while the Mahabharata centers around the Kurukshetra war and includes the revered Bhagavad Gita. 

 

Tantras: Texts associated with mystical practices and rituals, often focusing on the worship of deities, spiritual exercises, and the concept of energy channels within the body. 

Agama Tantras are considered revealed scriptures, often presented as dialogues between Shiva and Shakti. They provide detailed instructions on various aspects of spiritual practice, including meditation, yoga, mantra recitation, and deity worship. Agamas are closely associated with the Shaiva and Shakta traditions, and they offer a diverse range of philosophical and ritualistic approaches to spiritual realization.

Nigama Tantras, often synonymous with the Vedas, are considered eternal and self-existent. They are believed to be the ultimate source of knowledge and wisdom. While the Vedas primarily focus on abstract philosophical concepts and rituals, Nigama texts, when applied to the Tantric context, delve deeper into the practical aspects of spiritual realization. They explore the subtle energies of the body and mind, and provide techniques for their manipulation to attain higher states of consciousness. 

 

• Conclusion: 

Shastras are the cornerstone of ancient Indian knowledge and tradition, encapsulating profound wisdom across various disciplines. From the sacred Vedic Shastras, which lay the foundation for spiritual and philosophical thought, to the comprehensive Avaidic Shastras, which enrich cultural and ethical narratives, these texts continue to guide and inspire. They not only preserve the essence of India’s rich heritage but also offer timeless insights that remain relevant in modern times. As we delve into these revered scriptures, we uncover the depths of ancient scholarship and their enduring influence on contemporary life, underscoring the timeless connection between the past and the present. 

 

 https://vedicheritage.gov.in/

Types of Vedas 

Stories of Mahabharata 

Purana

Unveiling Verse: The (He)Art of Reading Poetry A Recap of the Webinar

I recently had the privilege of attending a webinar titled "Unveiling Verse: The (He)Art of Reading Poetry." Organized by the Department of English, Model Degree College, Deogarh, Odisha, in collaboration with IQAC (Internal Quality Assurance Cell), this webinar was a captivating exploration of the multifaceted world of poetry. 

The webinar was graced by the presence of Dr. Manu Mangattu, an esteemed English Professor, Poet, Critic, and Translator. Dr. Mangattu's insightful presentation delved into various aspects of poetry, from its historical context to contemporary interpretations. 

• Key Takeaways:

• The Sublime Act of Reading Poetry: 

Dr. Mangattu emphasized the importance of reading poetry with the same enthusiasm and wonder we experienced as children. He encouraged us to engage with poems on a personal level, allowing them to resonate with our own emotions and experiences.

• Theoretical Perspectives: 

The webinar explored various theoretical frameworks, including Reader Response Theory, Practical Criticism, New Criticism, and Deconstruction. These theories offer different lenses through which to analyze and interpret poetry.

• The Power of Language: 

Dr. Mangattu highlighted the unique power of poetry to reveal hidden truths and evoke profound emotions. He discussed the concept of "defamiliarization," where poets use language in unexpected ways to challenge our perceptions and invite fresh interpretations.

• The Influence of History and Culture: 

The webinar delved into the historical and cultural contexts of poetry, examining how these factors shape the themes and styles of different poetic traditions.

• The Role of the Reader: 

Dr. Mangattu emphasized the active role of the reader in creating meaning. He encouraged us to annotate poems, to question the text, and to form our own interpretations.

• Final Thoughts:

The webinar was a truly enlightening experience. Dr. Mangattu's passion for poetry was infectious, and his insights have inspired me to delve deeper into the world of verse. Whether you are a seasoned poet or a casual reader, I highly recommend exploring the rich and diverse tapestry of poetry.

This blog post was written with the help of Gemini, using notes taken during a webinar on the art of reading poetry. 

Understanding Communication: Definition, Process, Types, and Barriers

🌟 Today, we’re diving into one of the most important aspects of our daily lives: communication. Whether it’s chatting with friends, working on a team project, or leading a group, communication is at the heart of everything we do. But what exactly is communication? How does it work? And what can go wrong? Let’s break it all down!

• What is Communication? 🤔

Communication is the process of sharing information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings between individuals or groups. It’s how we connect with others and make our needs, wants, and opinions known. 

• Definition:

According to Merriam-Webster, communication is “a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.”

• Why It Matters:

Effective communication is essential for building relationships, resolving conflicts, and achieving goals in both personal and professional settings. Without good communication, misunderstandings can arise, and tasks can fail.

• The Communication Process 🛠️

The communication process involves several steps that help us send and receive messages. Let’s understand it here in brief: 

 

 

Sender 🗣️

What It Does: The sender is the person who starts the communication by creating and delivering a message. 

Example: A teacher announcing a new assignment to their students.

Message📩

What It Is: The content or information that the sender wants to communicate.

Example: “The project is due next Friday.”

Encoding 💭

What It Does: The sender translates their thoughts into words or other forms of communication.

Example: Writing the details of the assignment in an email.

Channel 🌐

What It Is: The medium through which the message is sent.

Example: Email, text message, or verbal announcement.

Receiver 👤

What They Do: The receiver is the person who gets the message.

Example: The students receiving the teacher’s announcement.

Decoding 🔍

What It Does: The receiver interprets or makes sense of the message.

Example: Reading and understanding the details of the assignment.

Feedback 🔄

What It Is: The receiver’s response to the message.

Example: A student asking for clarification on the project.

• Types of Communication 🗣️

Communication can be categorized into different types based on the method and context. Let’s explore them:

Verbal Communication 💬

Using spoken or written words to share information. For example, Face-to-face conversations, phone calls, and written documents like emails or letters. Verbal communication can be formal or informal and includes both direct and indirect methods of sharing information. 

Nonverbal Communication 🤝

Using body language, facial expressions, and gestures to convey messages. For Example, Smiling to show friendliness, nodding to show agreement. Nonverbal cues can support or contradict what is said verbally, and they play a crucial role in expressing emotions.

Visual Communication 📊

Using visual elements to communicate information. For example, Charts, graphs, and infographics. Visual aids help to make complex information easier to understand and remember.

Written Communication ✉️

Sharing information through written text. For example, Reports, memos, and social media posts. Written communication provides a permanent record and is useful for formal and detailed exchanges.

Digital Communication 📲

Using digital platforms and tools to communicate. Social media, instant messaging, and video calls. Digital communication allows for real-time interaction and is increasingly used in both personal and professional contexts.

• Barriers to Effective Communication 🚧

Even with the best intentions, communication can break down due to various barriers. Let’s look at some common ones:

Physical Barriers represent environmental factors that can hinder effective communication. These barriers include issues such as excessive noise, poor lighting, or physical distance between individuals. For example, a noisy office or a dimly lit conference room can impede one's ability to hear or see clearly during a conversation. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to create a comfortable and conducive environment for communication. This means minimizing external noises, ensuring adequate lighting, and arranging seating to facilitate clear visibility and audibility for all participants.  

Psychological Barriers are emotional and mental factors that can affect communication. These barriers encompass personal issues like stress, anxiety, or inherent biases that may influence how one perceives and engages in conversations. For instance, if a person is feeling stressed, they might struggle to focus on the conversation or react negatively to feedback. To address psychological barriers, it is important to practice active listening and be mindful of your own emotional state and biases. Being aware of these factors can help individuals communicate more effectively and empathetically. 

Language Barriers occur when differences in language or jargon prevent clear understanding between individuals. These barriers might manifest as complex terminology that is not understood by everyone or differences in spoken languages between parties. To bridge language barriers, using simple, clear language and providing translations or explanations as needed can significantly enhance communication. Ensuring that everyone comprehends the message being conveyed is crucial for effective dialogue and collaboration. 

Cultural Barriers involve differences in cultural backgrounds that can impact communication. These barriers include varying customs, beliefs, and practices that might lead to misunderstandings or conflicts. For example, differing norms around politeness or directness can cause friction in conversations. Overcoming cultural barriers involves educating oneself about other cultures and approaching interactions with a sense of respect and openness. Understanding and appreciating cultural diversity can help facilitate more effective and harmonious communication. 

Technical Barriers are issues related to communication technology that can disrupt the flow of information. These barriers might include problems like poor internet connectivity or malfunctioning devices. For instance, a weak Wi-Fi signal during a video conference can lead to disruptions or dropped calls. To overcome technical barriers, it is important to ensure that you have reliable technology and to be prepared with backup solutions. Having alternative methods for communication, such as phone calls or in-person meetings, can also help manage technological challenges. 

• Conclusion 🌟

In this blog post, we explored the basics of communication: what it is, how it works, different types of communication, and common barriers. Understanding these concepts can help you improve your communication skills, build better relationships, and succeed in various aspects of your life.

What Are Your Thoughts? 🤔

Have you experienced any of these communication barriers? How do you handle them? Share your experiences in the comments below and let’s discuss how to overcome these challenges together!

Art of Effective Communication 

Course on Swayam